CBSE Class 12 · 2023 · Compounds Containing NitrogenShort Answer

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(a)(i) Draw the zwitterion structure of sulphanilic acid.
(ii) How can the activating effect of the –NH₂ group in aniline be controlled?

Answer: (i) p-H₃N⁺–C₆H₄–SO₃⁻. (ii) By acetylation (protecting –NH₂ as –NHCOCH₃), which withdraws the lone pair toward C=O.

Solution

(i) The basic –NH

_{2}

and acidic –SO

_{3}

H neutralise each other internally:

p -^{+} H_{3} N - C_{6} H_{4} - S O_{3}^{-}

(ii) Acetylate the amine to acetanilide: the lone pair now conjugates with the acetyl C=O, moderating ring activation — mono-substitution becomes controllable; the amide is hydrolysed back afterwards.

CBSE Class 12 Board · 2023 · Subjective

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