The substituents R1 and R2 for nine peptides are listed in the table given below. How many of these peptides are positively charged at pH=7.0 ?
Peptide
R1
R2
I
H
H
II
H
CH3
III
CH2COOH
H
IV
CH2CONH2
(CH2)4NH2
V
CH2CONH2
CH2CONH2
VI
(CH2)4NH2
(CH2)4NH2
VII
CH2COOH
CH2CONH2
VIII
CH2OH
(CH2)4NH2
IX
(CH2)4NH2
CH3
Answer: 4
Solution
A peptide is positively charged at pH 7.0 when its isoelectric point (pI) > 7. This occurs when the peptide has more basic groups than acidic groups. The peptide structure shown has one N-terminal NH3+ and one C-terminal COO− at pH 7. Additional basic groups ((CH2)4NH2 from lysine side chains) will be protonated at pH 7, while acidic groups (CH2COOH from aspartate/glutamate) will be deprotonated.
Peptides with net positive charge at pH 7:
IV: has one basic side chain ((CH2)4NH2) → net positive
VI: has two basic side chains → net positive
VIII: has one basic side chain → net positive
IX: has one basic side chain → net positive
Total: 4 peptides are positively charged at pH 7.0.