Assume that a drop of liquid evaporates by decrease in its surface energy, so that its temperature remains unchanged. What should be the minimum radius of the drop for this to be possible? The surface tension is T , density of liquid is ρ and L is its latent heat of vaporization.
(A)T/ρL
(B)T/ρL
(C)2T/ρL✓ Correct
(D)ρL/T
Answer: (C)
Solution
If the drop is to evaporate at constant temperature, the surface energy released as it shrinks must exactly supply the latent heat for the vapour. Peel off a thin shell of thickness ΔR: the mass lost is ρ4πR2ΔR, needing heat ρ4πR2ΔRL, while the surface energy given up is T⋅8πRΔR. Setting the two equal, ρR2L=2TR, so the smallest radius for which evaporation can sustain itself this way is R=ρL2T.
JEE Main · 2013 · 07 Apr 2013 · Offline · Single correct option