Write the mathematical relation for the resistivity of a material in terms of the relaxation time, number density, mass and charge of the carriers. Using it, explain why the resistivity of a metal increases and that of a semiconductor decreases with a rise in temperature.
Solution
. In a \textbf{metal} the carrier density is essentially constant; a rise in increases lattice vibrations and collision frequency, lowering , so increases. In a \textbf{semiconductor} a rise in frees many more carriers (breaking covalent bonds), so increases strongly and decreases — the fall due to dominates the small change in .
CBSE Class 12 Board · 2007 · Subjective