(a)(i) Use Gauss's law to obtain an expression for the electric field due to an infinitely long thin straight wire with uniform linear charge density λ. (ii) An infinitely long positively charged straight wire has a linear charge density λ. An electron is revolving in a circle with a constant speed v such that the wire passes through the centre and is perpendicular to the plane of the circle. Find the kinetic energy of the electron in terms of the magnitudes of its charge and linear charge density λ on the wire. (iii) Draw a graph of kinetic energy as a function of linear charge density λ.
Solution
(i) With a coaxial Gaussian cylinder (radius r, length ℓ):
E(2πrℓ)=ε0λℓ⇒E=2πε0rλ
(ii) The electrostatic force provides the centripetal force:
eE=rmv2⇒e⋅2πε0rλ=rmv2
mv2=2πε0eλ
KE=21mv2=4πε0eλ
independent of the radius. (iii) Since KE∝λ, the graph of KE against λ is a straight line through the origin.